Maxima Function
factor (expr)
Factors the expression expr, containing any number of
variables or functions, into factors irreducible over the integers.
factor (expr, p)
factors expr over the field of integers with an element
adjoined whose minimum polynomial is p.
factor
uses ifactors
function for factoring integers.
factorflag
if false
suppresses the factoring of integer factors
of rational expressions.
dontfactor
may be set to a list of variables with respect to which
factoring is not to occur. (It is initially empty). Factoring also
will not take place with respect to any variables which are less
important (using the variable ordering assumed for CRE form) than
those on the dontfactor
list.
savefactors
if true
causes the factors of an expression which
is a product of factors to be saved by certain functions in order to
speed up later factorizations of expressions containing some of the
same factors.
berlefact
if false
then the Kronecker factoring algorithm will
be used otherwise the Berlekamp algorithm, which is the default, will
be used.
intfaclim
if true
maxima will give up factorization of
integers if no factor is found after trial divisions and Pollard's rho
method. If set to false
(this is the case when the user calls
factor
explicitly), complete factorization of the integer will be
attempted. The user's setting of intfaclim
is used for internal
calls to factor
. Thus, intfaclim
may be reset to prevent
Maxima from taking an inordinately long time factoring large integers.
Examples:
(%i1) factor (2^63 - 1); 2 (%o1) 7 73 127 337 92737 649657 (%i2) factor (-8*y - 4*x + z^2*(2*y + x)); (%o2) (2 y + x) (z - 2) (z + 2) (%i3) -1 - 2*x - x^2 + y^2 + 2*x*y^2 + x^2*y^2; 2 2 2 2 2 (%o3) x y + 2 x y + y - x - 2 x - 1 (%i4) block ([dontfactor: [x]], factor (%/36/(1 + 2*y + y^2))); 2 (x + 2 x + 1) (y - 1) (%o4) ---------------------- 36 (y + 1) (%i5) factor (1 + %e^(3*x)); x 2 x x (%o5) (%e + 1) (%e - %e + 1) (%i6) factor (1 + x^4, a^2 - 2); 2 2 (%o6) (x - a x + 1) (x + a x + 1) (%i7) factor (-y^2*z^2 - x*z^2 + x^2*y^2 + x^3); 2 (%o7) - (y + x) (z - x) (z + x) (%i8) (2 + x)/(3 + x)/(b + x)/(c + x)^2; x + 2 (%o8) ------------------------ 2 (x + 3) (x + b) (x + c) (%i9) ratsimp (%); 4 3 (%o9) (x + 2)/(x + (2 c + b + 3) x 2 2 2 2 + (c + (2 b + 6) c + 3 b) x + ((b + 3) c + 6 b c) x + 3 b c ) (%i10) partfrac (%, x); 2 4 3 (%o10) - (c - 4 c - b + 6)/((c + (- 2 b - 6) c 2 2 2 2 + (b + 12 b + 9) c + (- 6 b - 18 b) c + 9 b ) (x + c)) c - 2 - --------------------------------- 2 2 (c + (- b - 3) c + 3 b) (x + c) b - 2 + ------------------------------------------------- 2 2 3 2 ((b - 3) c + (6 b - 2 b ) c + b - 3 b ) (x + b) 1 - ---------------------------------------------- 2 ((b - 3) c + (18 - 6 b) c + 9 b - 27) (x + 3) (%i11) map ('factor, %); 2 c - 4 c - b + 6 c - 2 (%o11) - ------------------------- - ------------------------ 2 2 2 (c - 3) (c - b) (x + c) (c - 3) (c - b) (x + c) b - 2 1 + ------------------------ - ------------------------ 2 2 (b - 3) (c - b) (x + b) (b - 3) (c - 3) (x + 3) (%i12) ratsimp ((x^5 - 1)/(x - 1)); 4 3 2 (%o12) x + x + x + x + 1 (%i13) subst (a, x, %); 4 3 2 (%o13) a + a + a + a + 1 (%i14) factor (%th(2), %); 2 3 3 2 (%o14) (x - a) (x - a ) (x - a ) (x + a + a + a + 1) (%i15) factor (1 + x^12); 4 8 4 (%o15) (x + 1) (x - x + 1) (%i16) factor (1 + x^99); 2 6 3 (%o16) (x + 1) (x - x + 1) (x - x + 1) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 (x - x + x - x + x - x + x - x + x - x + 1) 20 19 17 16 14 13 11 10 9 7 6 (x + x - x - x + x + x - x - x - x + x + x 4 3 60 57 51 48 42 39 33 - x - x + x + 1) (x + x - x - x + x + x - x 30 27 21 18 12 9 3 - x - x + x + x - x - x + x + 1)