#++ # NAME # access 5 # SUMMARY # Postfix SMTP server access table # SYNOPSIS # \fBpostmap /etc/postfix/access\fR # # \fBpostmap -q "\fIstring\fB" /etc/postfix/access\fR # # \fBpostmap -q - /etc/postfix/access <\fIinputfile\fR # DESCRIPTION # This document describes access control on remote SMTP client # information: host names, network addresses, and envelope # sender or recipient addresses; it is implemented by the # Postfix SMTP server. See \fBheader_checks\fR(5) or # \fBbody_checks\fR(5) for access control on the content of # email messages. # # Normally, the \fBaccess\fR(5) table is specified as a text file # that serves as input to the \fBpostmap\fR(1) command. # The result, an indexed file in \fBdbm\fR or \fBdb\fR format, # is used for fast searching by the mail system. Execute the # command "\fBpostmap /etc/postfix/access\fR" to rebuild an # indexed file after changing the corresponding text file. # # When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP # or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files. # # Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression # map where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups # can be directed to TCP-based server. In those cases, the lookups # are done in a slightly different way as described below under # "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES". # CASE FOLDING # .ad # .fi # The search string is folded to lowercase before database # lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case # folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose # lookup fields can match both upper and lower case. # TABLE FORMAT # .ad # .fi # The input format for the \fBpostmap\fR(1) command is as follows: # .IP "\fIpattern action\fR" # When \fIpattern\fR matches a mail address, domain or host address, # perform the corresponding \fIaction\fR. # .IP "blank lines and comments" # Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as # are lines whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'. # .IP "multi-line text" # A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that # starts with whitespace continues a logical line. # EMAIL ADDRESS PATTERNS # .ad # .fi # With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked # tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as # listed below: # .IP \fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR # Matches the specified mail address. # .IP \fIdomain.tld\fR # Matches \fIdomain.tld\fR as the domain part of an email address. # .sp # The pattern \fIdomain.tld\fR also matches subdomains, but only # when the string \fBsmtpd_access_maps\fR is listed in the Postfix # \fBparent_domain_matches_subdomains\fR configuration setting. # .IP \fI.domain.tld\fR # Matches subdomains of \fIdomain.tld\fR, but only when the # string \fBsmtpd_access_maps\fR is not listed in the Postfix # \fBparent_domain_matches_subdomains\fR configuration setting. # .IP \fIuser\fR@ # Matches all mail addresses with the specified user part. # .PP # Note: lookup of the null sender address is not possible with # some types of lookup table. By default, Postfix uses \fB<>\fR # as the lookup key for such addresses. The value is specified with # the \fBsmtpd_null_access_lookup_key\fR parameter in the Postfix # \fBmain.cf\fR file. # EMAIL ADDRESS EXTENSION # .fi # .ad # When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter # (e.g., \fIuser+foo\fR@\fIdomain\fR), the lookup order becomes: # \fIuser+foo\fR@\fIdomain\fR, \fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR, \fIdomain\fR, # \fIuser+foo\fR@, and \fIuser\fR@. # HOST NAME/ADDRESS PATTERNS # .ad # .fi # With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked # tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the following lookup patterns are # examined in the order as listed: # .IP \fIdomain.tld\fR # Matches \fIdomain.tld\fR. # .sp # The pattern \fIdomain.tld\fR also matches subdomains, but only # when the string \fBsmtpd_access_maps\fR is listed in the Postfix # \fBparent_domain_matches_subdomains\fR configuration setting. # .IP \fI.domain.tld\fR # Matches subdomains of \fIdomain.tld\fR, but only when the # string \fBsmtpd_access_maps\fR is not listed in the Postfix # \fBparent_domain_matches_subdomains\fR configuration setting. # .IP \fInet.work.addr.ess\fR # .IP \fInet.work.addr\fR # .IP \fInet.work\fR # .IP \fInet\fR # Matches the specified IPv4 host address or subnetwork. An # IPv4 host address is a sequence of four decimal octets # separated by ".". # # Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating the last # ".octet" from the remote IPv4 host address string until a # match is found in the access table, or until further # truncation is not possible. # # NOTE 1: The access map lookup key must be in canonical form: # do not specify unnecessary null characters, and do not # enclose network address information with "[]" characters. # # NOTE 2: use the \fBcidr\fR lookup table type to specify # network/netmask patterns. See \fBcidr_table\fR(5) for details. # .IP \fInet:work:addr:ess\fR # .IP \fInet:work:addr\fR # .IP \fInet:work\fR # .IP \fInet\fR # Matches the specified IPv6 host address or subnetwork. An # IPv6 host address is a sequence of three to eight hexadecimal # octet pairs separated by ":". # # Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating the last # ":octetpair" from the remote IPv6 host address string until # a match is found in the access table, or until further # truncation is not possible. # # NOTE 1: the truncation and comparison are done with the # string representation of the IPv6 host address. Thus, not # all the ":" subnetworks will be tried. # # NOTE 2: The access map lookup key must be in canonical form: # do not specify unnecessary null characters, and do not # enclose network address information with "[]" characters. # # NOTE 3: use the \fBcidr\fR lookup table type to specify # network/netmask patterns. See \fBcidr_table\fR(5) for details. # # IPv6 support is available in Postfix 2.2 and later. # ACCEPT ACTIONS # .ad # .fi # .IP \fBOK\fR # Accept the address etc. that matches the pattern. # .IP \fIall-numerical\fR # An all-numerical result is treated as OK. This format is # generated by address-based relay authorization schemes # such as pop-before-smtp. # .PP # For other accept actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below. # REJECT ACTIONS # .ad # .fi # Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes # as defined in RFC 3463. # When no code is specified at the beginning of the \fItext\fR # below, Postfix inserts a default enhanced status code of "5.7.1" # in the case of reject actions, and "4.7.1" in the case of # defer actions. See "ENHANCED STATUS CODES" below. # .IP "\fB4\fINN text\fR" # .IP "\fB5\fINN text\fR" # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern, and respond with # the numerical three-digit code and text. \fB4\fINN\fR means "try # again later", while \fB5\fINN\fR means "do not try again". # # The following responses have special meaning for the Postfix # SMTP server: # .RS # .IP "\fB421 \fItext\fR (Postfix 2.3 and later)" # .IP "\fB521 \fItext\fR (Postfix 2.6 and later)" # After responding with the numerical three-digit code and # text, disconnect immediately from the SMTP client. This # frees up SMTP server resources so that they can be made # available to another SMTP client. # .IP # Note: The "521" response should be used only with botnets # and other malware where interoperability is of no concern. # The "send 521 and disconnect" behavior is NOT defined in # the SMTP standard. # .RE # .IP "\fBREJECT \fIoptional text...\fR # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. Reply with # "\fB$access_map_reject_code \fIoptional text...\fR" when the # optional text is # specified, otherwise reply with a generic error response message. # .IP "\fBDEFER \fIoptional text...\fR # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. Reply with # "\fB$access_map_defer_code \fIoptional text...\fR" when the # optional text is # specified, otherwise reply with a generic error response message. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.6 and later. # .IP "\fBDEFER_IF_REJECT \fIoptional text...\fR # Defer the request if some later restriction would result in a # REJECT action. Reply with "\fB$access_map_defer_code 4.7.1 # \fIoptional text...\fR" when the # optional text is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error # response message. # .sp # Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # .IP "\fBDEFER_IF_PERMIT \fIoptional text...\fR # Defer the request if some later restriction would result in a # an explicit or implicit PERMIT action. # Reply with "\fB$access_map_defer_code 4.7.1 \fI optional # text...\fR" when the # optional text is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error # response message. # .sp # Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # .PP # For other reject actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below. # OTHER ACTIONS # .ad # .fi # .IP \fIrestriction...\fR # Apply the named UCE restriction(s) (\fBpermit\fR, \fBreject\fR, # \fBreject_unauth_destination\fR, and so on). # .IP "\fBBCC \fIuser@domain\fR" # Send one copy of the message to the specified recipient. # .sp # If multiple BCC actions are specified within the same SMTP # MAIL transaction, only the last action will be used. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later. # \" .IP "\fBDELAY \fItime\fR" # \" Place the message into the deferred queue, and delay the # \" initial delivery attempt by \fItime\fR. The time value may # \" be followed by a one-character suffix that specifies the # \" time unit: s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days), # \" w (weeks). The default time unit is s (seconds). # \" .sp # \" Limitations: # \" .RS # \" .IP \(bu # \" This action affects all the recipients of the message. # \" .IP \(bu # \" The delay value has no effect with remote file systems that # \" don't correctly emulate UNIX local file system semantics. # \" In that case, the delay will be half of $queue_run_delay # \" on average. # \" .IP \(bu # \" Mail will still be delivered with "sendmail -q", "postfix # \" flush" or "postqueue -f". # \" .IP \(bu # \" Delayed mail increases the amount of disk I/O during deferred # \" queue scans. When large amounts of mail are queued for # \" delayed delivery it may be preferable to use the HOLD feature # \" instead. # \" .RE # \" .IP # \" This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later. # .IP "\fBDISCARD \fIoptional text...\fR # Claim successful delivery and silently discard the message. # Log the optional text if specified, otherwise log a generic # message. # .sp # Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the message. # To discard only one recipient without discarding the entire message, # use the transport(5) table to direct mail to the discard(8) service. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # .IP \fBDUNNO\fR # Pretend that the lookup key was not found. This # prevents Postfix from trying substrings of the lookup key # (such as a subdomain name, or a network address subnetwork). # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # .IP "\fBFILTER \fItransport:destination\fR" # After the message is queued, send the entire message through # the specified external content filter. The \fItransport\fR # name specifies the first field of a mail delivery agent # definition in master.cf; the syntax of the next-hop # \fIdestination\fR is described in the manual page of the # corresponding delivery agent. More information about # external content filters is in the Postfix FILTER_README # file. # .sp # Note 1: do not use $\fInumber\fR regular expression # substitutions for \fItransport\fR or \fIdestination\fR # unless you know that the information has a trusted origin. # .sp # Note 2: this action overrides the main.cf \fBcontent_filter\fR # setting, and affects all recipients of the message. In the # case that multiple \fBFILTER\fR actions fire, only the last # one is executed. # .sp # Note 3: the purpose of the FILTER command is to override # message routing. To override the recipient's \fItransport\fR # but not the next-hop \fIdestination\fR, specify an empty # filter \fIdestination\fR (Postfix 2.7 and later), or specify # a \fItransport:destination\fR that delivers through a # different Postfix instance (Postfix 2.6 and earlier). Other # options are using the recipient-dependent \fBtrans\%port\%_maps\fR # or the sen\%der-dependent # \fBsender\%_de\%pen\%dent\%_de\%fault\%_trans\%port\%_maps\fR # features. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # .IP "\fBHOLD \fIoptional text...\fR" # Place the message on the \fBhold\fR queue, where it will # sit until someone either deletes it or releases it for # delivery. # Log the optional text if specified, otherwise log a generic # message. # # Mail that is placed on hold can be examined with the # \fBpostcat\fR(1) command, and can be destroyed or released with # the \fBpostsuper\fR(1) command. # .sp # Note: use "\fBpostsuper -r\fR" to release mail that was kept on # hold for a significant fraction of \fB$maximal_queue_lifetime\fR # or \fB$bounce_queue_lifetime\fR, or longer. Use "\fBpostsuper -H\fR" # only for mail that will not expire within a few delivery attempts. # .sp # Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the message. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # .IP "\fBPREPEND \fIheadername: headervalue\fR" # Prepend the specified message header to the message. # When more than one PREPEND action executes, the first # prepended header appears before the second etc. prepended # header. # .sp # Note: this action must execute before the message content # is received; it cannot execute in the context of # \fBsmtpd_end_of_data_restrictions\fR. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # .IP "\fBREDIRECT \fIuser@domain\fR" # After the message is queued, send the message to the specified # address instead of the intended recipient(s). When multiple # \fBREDIRECT\fR actions fire, only the last one takes effect. # .sp # Note: this action overrides the FILTER action, and currently # overrides all recipients of the message. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # .IP "\fBINFO \fIoptional text...\fR # Log an informational record with the optional text, together # with client information and if available, with helo, sender, # recipient and protocol information. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later. # .IP "\fBWARN \fIoptional text...\fR # Log a warning with the optional text, together with client information # and if available, with helo, sender, recipient and protocol information. # .sp # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # ENHANCED STATUS CODES # .ad # .fi # Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes # as defined in RFC 3463. # When an enhanced status code is specified in an access # table, it is subject to modification. The following # transformations are needed when the same access table is # used for client, helo, sender, or recipient access restrictions; # they happen regardless of whether Postfix replies to a MAIL # FROM, RCPT TO or other SMTP command. # .IP \(bu # When a sender address matches a REJECT action, the Postfix # SMTP server will transform a recipient DSN status (e.g., # 4.1.1-4.1.6) into the corresponding sender DSN status, and # vice versa. # .IP \(bu # When non-address information matches a REJECT action (such # as the HELO command argument or the client hostname/address), # the Postfix SMTP server will transform a sender or recipient # DSN status into a generic non-address DSN status (e.g., # 4.0.0). # REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES # .ad # .fi # This section describes how the table lookups change when the table # is given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of # regular expression lookup table syntax, see \fBregexp_table\fR(5) # or \fBpcre_table\fR(5). # # Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire # string being looked up. Depending on the application, that string # is an entire client hostname, an entire client IP address, or an # entire mail address. Thus, no parent domain or parent network search # is done, \fIuser@domain\fR mail addresses are not broken up into # their \fIuser@\fR and \fIdomain\fR constituent parts, nor is # \fIuser+foo\fR broken up into \fIuser\fR and \fIfoo\fR. # # Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a # pattern is found that matches the search string. # # Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups, with # the additional feature that parenthesized substrings from the # pattern can be interpolated as \fB$1\fR, \fB$2\fR and so on. # TCP-BASED TABLES # .ad # .fi # This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups # are directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP # client/server lookup protocol, see \fBtcp_table\fR(5). # This feature is not available up to and including Postfix version 2.4. # # Each lookup operation uses the entire query string once. # Depending on the application, that string is an entire client # hostname, an entire client IP address, or an entire mail address. # Thus, no parent domain or parent network search is done, # \fIuser@domain\fR mail addresses are not broken up into # their \fIuser@\fR and \fIdomain\fR constituent parts, nor is # \fIuser+foo\fR broken up into \fIuser\fR and \fIfoo\fR. # # Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups. # EXAMPLE # .ad # .fi # The following example uses an indexed file, so that the # order of table entries does not matter. The example permits # access by the client at address 1.2.3.4 but rejects all # other clients in 1.2.3.0/24. Instead of \fBhash\fR lookup # tables, some systems use \fBdbm\fR. Use the command # "\fBpostconf -m\fR" to find out what lookup tables Postfix # supports on your system. # # .nf # .na # /etc/postfix/main.cf: # smtpd_client_restrictions = # check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access # # /etc/postfix/access: # 1.2.3 REJECT # 1.2.3.4 OK # .fi # .ad # # Execute the command "\fBpostmap /etc/postfix/access\fR" after # editing the file. # BUGS # The table format does not understand quoting conventions. # SEE ALSO # postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager # smtpd(8), SMTP server # postconf(5), configuration parameters # transport(5), transport:nexthop syntax # README FILES # .ad # .fi # Use "\fBpostconf readme_directory\fR" or # "\fBpostconf html_directory\fR" to locate this information. # .na # .nf # SMTPD_ACCESS_README, built-in SMTP server access control # DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview # LICENSE # .ad # .fi # The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. # AUTHOR(S) # Wietse Venema # IBM T.J. Watson Research # P.O. Box 704 # Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA # # Wietse Venema # Google, Inc. # 111 8th Avenue # New York, NY 10011, USA #--